The Mughal Empire was an Islamic Turkish-Mongol empire that began in 1526, ruled the Indian subcontinent until the late 17th and early 18th centuries and ended in the mid-19th century.
The Mughal empire was a Timurvanshi of the Turk-Mongol generation and developed a highly sophisticated mixed Indo-Persian culture. Around 1700, at the height of its power, it controlled much of the Indian subcontinent – extending from present-day Bangladesh in the east to Baluchistan in the west and from Kashmir in the north to the Cauvery Valley in the south.
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At that time the population of this mughal empire was estimated between 11 and 13 crores. After 1725, its power declined rapidly. Succession discord, local uprisings due to agrarian crisis, the rise of religious intolerance and the last emperor of an empire weakened by British colonialism was Bahadur Zafar Shah, whose rule was confined to the city of Delhi. The British kept him in captivity and after the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British exiled Myanmar.
In 1556, the reign of this empire began with the accession of Jalaluddin Mohammed Akbar, popularly known as the great Akbar, and ended with the death of Emperor Aurangzeb, although this empire lasted for another 150 years.
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Let’s know about the Mughal ruler and his reign
The details of the reign of Mughal emperors are tabulated below:-
| Name (Birth Name) | Death | Reign |
| Babur (Zaheeruddin Muhammad) | 23 February 1483-5 January 1531 (age 47) | 30 April 1526 – 26 December 1530 |
| Humayun (Naseeruddin Muhammad Humayun) | March 17, 1508-27 January 1556 (age 47) | 26 December 1530 – 17 May 1540 |
| Akbar-e-Azam (Jalaluddin Muhammad) | 14 October 1542-27 October 1605 (age 63) | 27 January 1556 – 27 October 1605 |
| Jahangir (Nuruddin Muhammad Salim) | 20 September 1569-8 November 1627 (age 58) | 27 October 1605 – 8 November 1627 |
| Shah-Jahan-E-Azam (Shahabuddin Muhammad Khurram) | 5 Jan 1592-22 Jan 1666 (age 74) | 8 November 1627 – 31 July 1658 |
| Alamgir (Muinuddin Muhammad) | 4 November 1618–3 March 1707 (age 88) | 31 July 1658 – 3 March 1707 |
| Bahadur Shah (Qutbuddin Mohammad Muazzam) | 14 October 1643–27 February 1712 (age 68) | 19 June 1707 – 27 February 1712 |
| Jahandar Shah (Mazuddin Jahandar Shah Bahadur) | 9 May 1661–11 February 1713 (age 51) | 27 February 1712 – 11 February 1713 |
| Farrukhshiar (Farrukhshiar) | 20 August 1685–28 February 1719 (age 33) | 11 January 1713 – 28 February 1719 |
| Rafi ul-dumit (Rafi ul-dumit) | 30 November 1699–6 June 1719 (age 19) | 28 February – 6 June 1719 |
| Shah Jahan II (Rafi ud-Daulat) | June 1696–19 September 1719 (age 23) | 6 June 1719 – 19 September 1719 |
| Muhammad Shah (Roshan Akhtar Bahadur) | 17 August 1702–26 April 1748 (age 45) | 27 September 1719 – 26 April 1748 |
| Ahmed Shah Bahadur (Ahmed Shah Bahadur) | 23 December 1725 – 1 January 1775 (age 49) | 26 April 1748 – 2 June 1754 |
| Alamgir II (Azizuddin) | 6 June 1699–29 November 1759 (age 60) | 2 June 1754 – 29 November 1759 |
| Shah Jahan III (Muhi-ul-Millat) | 1711–1772 (age 61) | 10 December 1759 – 10 October 1760 |
| Shah Alam II (Ali Gauhar) | 25 June 1728–19 November 1806 (age 78) | 24 December 1760 – 19 November 1806 |
| Muhammad Shah Bahadur (Bidar Bakht) | 1749-1790 (age 40-41 years) | 31 July 1788 – 2 October 1788 |
| Akbar Shah II (Mirza Akbar or Akbar Shah Sani) | 22 April 1760–28 September 1837 (age 77) | 19 November 1806 – 28 September 1837 |
| Bahadur Shah II (Abu Zafar Sirajuddin Muhammad Bahadur Shah Zafar or Bahadur Shah Zafar) | 24 October 1775 – 7 November 1862 | 28 September 1837 – 14 September 1857 |
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